Reforms in the Criminal Justice System - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 562 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2019/02/20 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Criminal Justice Essay Did you like this example? There have been rising concerns on the criminal justice system that has seen the system require different changes to accomplish the mission of the system. The main reason for presenting this topic on the criminal justice system is because it has experienced various challenges and requires some reforms. Therefore, presenting such information will be in need to understand the changes that should be initiated for the system to be streamlined. The data was collected from the different areas that make up the criminal justice system. The system is comprised of three areas that are law enforcers, the court system and correctional facilities. Therefore, in understanding the three different areas an individual will be able to come up with a concrete representation of each and how they can be used to help each to curb the issue of rising crimes across the globe (Thomas McGourlay, 2017). The primary goal of presenting information on this topic is to help people understand the importance of integrating the three elements of the criminal justice system. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Reforms in the Criminal Justice System" essay for you Create order The selection of the data visualization was based on the source of the data and the methods that were used to collect the data. The fairness of data visualization was ensured through taking multiple sources and analyzing them to understand the issue better. It can also be achieved by identifying the data that fits in the topic instead of getting bulk data and trying to filter them out them out for the best. Therefore, it is the responsibility of the various departments to ensure that they pass information to the relevant department for the success of the whole system (Vincelette Bostic, 2013). In writing this topic, I intended to ensure that all the system work closely together and that they understand the importance of each other. Therefore, it is my call to the instructor that he will find the importance of presenting information about the criminal justice system and find it possible to guide along writing the whole topic. I request the instructor to give the essential aspects that might be missed out in the presentation and how a good compilation can be achieved. The challenges that are faced in the criminal justice system are as a result of the failure of communication within the three elements. There has also an increased trend in corruption involving the various components of the system and which has led to an inability to accomplish their mission. The law enforcers are regarded as the first-hand information source, and if they fail to present such information to the court system, then the crimes are expected to rise since criminals will not be sentenced or taken to correctional facilities (Vincelette Bostic, 2013). The criminal justice system The data for the reliable information on the criminal justice system should be obtained from the three components presented above. The police should provide information on the incidences that they handle that are crime related and how many proceed to the final stage. The courts should provide information on the number of cases they receive from the police and the way they deal with such information (Thomas McGourlay, 2017). The court should comment on how effective the information is presented to them by the police and how the police can become more useful in making the system successful. The correctional facilities should also offer services that will make the criminals more useful in the society.

Project Management Scheduling - 1657 Words

Title Successful Project Management Scheduling outcomes: A Theoretical Comparative Analysis of networking techniques between Event, Chain with other traditional methodologies Research Question Why it is important to conduct a comparative analysis of Event, Chain with other traditional methodologies and investigate how it contributes in being Successful scheduling techniques in Project Management discipline? Introduction to Dissertation Nowadays, Project scheduling plays lot of benefactor in executing any type of project in allotted time and cost. Project scheduling is a vital stage in project development phase due to technological advancement in information technology where lot of IT projects have led different way of†¦show more content†¦CCPM methodology tackles resource contention before the project begins, aggregate the safety in specified locations (buffers) rather then leaving it. The critical chain path typically is not the same as the traditional critical path. CCPM is not merely a scheduling technique. The CCPM methodology explicitly states that without the necessary changes in the scheduling rules will not only fail to achieve improvement but may actually degrade performance. Event chain methodology, a new way of scheduling is an uncertainty modeling and schedule network analysis technique that is focused on identifying and managing events and event chains that affect project schedules. Event chain methodology helps to mitigate the negative impact of psychological heuristics and biases, as well as to allow for easy modeling of uncertainties in the project schedules. Event Chain Methodology Objectives: 1. Mitigate effect motivational and cognitive biases in estimating and scheduling. In many cases, project managers intentionally or unintentionally create project schedules that are impossible to implement. 2. Simplify the process of defining risks and uncertainties in project schedules, particularly improve the ability to provide reality checks and visualize multiple events. 3. Perform more accurate quantitative analysis while taking to an account such factors as relationship between different events and actual moment of the events. Intaver Institute (N.D) Virine and Trumper (2007)Show MoreRelatedThe Scheduling Of Project Management1045 Words   |  5 PagesHypothesis: The scheduling in project management is the discipline for stating how to complete a project within a certain timeframe, usually with defined stage, and with designated resources. The project schedule reflects all of the work associated with delivering the project on time. It shows how the work will progress over a period of time and takes into account factors such as limited resources and estimating uncertainty. 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Management Elements of Waterview Connection

Question: Discuss about the Management Elements of Waterview Connection. Answer: Introduction This report entails analyzing various risk management elements of Waterview Connection project. The specific elements discussed are: project context, risk identification, risk analysis and evaluation, and risk treatment. Project Context The Waterview Connection is among the biggest and most significant infrastructure projects ever to be implemented in New Zealand. It is Aucklands most crucial transport project for almost six decades. The project involves construction of a motorway ring route that will go round the city of Auckland. On completion, this motorway route will be the main connection between the Northwestern and Southwestern motorways (Waka Kotahi, 2011). With this project in place, the famous Western Ring Route of Auckland will not be complete. This ambitious project is expected to unlock the potential of Auckland of becoming one of the top-class cities in the world. It will provide the city with a robust and steadfast motorway network that will ease movement of people, vehicles and goods in, out and around Auckland (Learnz, (n.d.)). The project comprises of several features. Two of the main features are the Waterview tunnels and the Great North Road Interchange. The former consists of two 2.4km-long tunnels, each with three traffic lanes. The latter consists of 4 ramps totaling 1.7km in length, which will connect Northwestern and Southwestern motorways (Fletcher Construction Company Limited, 2016). The developer of this project is Well-Connected Alliance (WCA), which comprises of NZ Transport Agency (NZTA), Tonkin Taylor, McConnell Dowell Constructors, Fletcher Construction, Obayashi Corporation, Beca Infrastructure and Parsons Brinkerhoff. Other sub-alliance partners include SICE NZ Ltd and Wilson Tunnelling. The decision to use an alliance was attributed to the complexity of the project. Such mega projects usually have complex issues in relation to their design works, construction works, environmental impacts and lifecycle concerns. Other stakeholders of the project are contractors and suppliers based in New Zealand and other parts of the world. The enabling works of the project started in January 2012 while proper construction started in June 2012. The project is scheduled for completion and opening in early 2017 (Nicole Lawton, 2016). After being completed, the Well-Connected Alliance will be responsible for maintenance and management of the route for 10 years. This mega project is estimated to cost NZ$1.4 billion (Beca, 2014). It is also estimated to have created job opportunities for about 1000 people so far. Therefore it is a mega project with significant economic impacts to people and the country as a whole. Quality is one of the top priorities of Waterview Connection project. This is definitely a complex project and that it why it is being delivered using an alliance approach. The alliance is capable of dealing with multiple design and construction challenges associated with such projects. As stated before the Waterview Connection project comprises of two parallel tunnels, each 2.4 long, 40m below the ground surface and 11m apart, and interchanges that will connect it to the Southwestern Motorway and Northwestern Motorway at Mt Roskill and Great North Road respectively. The total length of the project motorway will be approximately 5 km. The project also comprises of various landscape and urban design initiatives, including upgraded parks, playgrounds, recreational facilities, sports amenities and enhanced walking and cycling connections (NZ Transport Agency, 2016). These initiatives will open up numerous opportunities for local communities (people and businesses). Despite all these ambitious expectations on the positive impacts of the Waterview Connection projects, its associated negative impacts cannot be overlooked. Just like any other project, there must be both positive and negative impacts. The design and construction of the project is complex and possibly so is its management. The most important thing is to analyze the risks related to the design, construction and management of the project and identify their appropriate mitigation strategies. By understanding potential risks of the project, it becomes easier to identify ways of eliminating or preventing them, or reducing their effects. This project is costing the New Zealand government billions of dollars and therefore failure to manage its associated risks appropriately will have adverse effects on the entire country. Risk Identification There are several risks associated with Waterview Connection project. This project is more vulnerable to risks than ordinary construction projects because it has multiple unique features, including complex processes, long duration, vigorous organizational structures, financial intensity, and fluctuating environmental conditions. These risks have direct impacts on the feasibility of the project. Inasmuch as the project has been extensively planned by Well-Connected Alliance, some of these risks are inevitable. This puts the remaining part of the project at risk of not being completed as planned. But this can be avoided if potential risks are identified, analyzed and mitigated. The four main categories of these risks are as follows: technical risks, external risks, organizational risks, and project management risks. Technical risks These risks include design risks of any new ancillary structures along the corridor, construction risks and environmental risks. Design risks cannot be ignored because Waterview Connection project is very complex and therefore probability of making errors, no matter how small they may be, is relatively high (Nadeem et al., 2010). Even though the main design of this project has already been produced, proposal for changes or introduction of ancillary structures or facilities as the project progresses cannot be ignored. If these changes are not properly planned, they may result into substantial delay of the project. Construction risks are the risks that arise during the actual construction process (Innovation of Civil Engineers, 2016). Environmental risks are the risks caused by environmental factors that affect the project. Considering the high innovativeness of this project, its overall technical risks are very high and therefore of great importance for analysis. Identifying and understanding technical risks will ensure that preliminary planning is done comprehensively and project scope is properly determined (Nerija and Audrius, 2012). External risks These risks include contractual relations risks, unavoidable events (force majeure) risks, environmental risks and social risks. Contractual relations risks are the risks that result from stakeholders failure to honor their commitments fully or by introducing new changes as the project continues. Force majeure risks are those caused by factors that cannot be avoided by the stakeholders and therefore nothing can be done to stop them, such as natural disasters. Environmental factors are causes that are related to environmental issues. Social risks are those caused by issues arising from the local communities. Another important group of external risks comprises of market conditions, variations in exchange rate, politics, and climate change (Yohe, 2010). Even though most of the external risks are caused by outside factors, analyzing and understanding these risks helps stakeholders to plan on how to mitigate them. It is important because it will help stakeholders prepare in advance on how to approach relevant authorities or individuals if any of the external risks occur. Organizational risks Organizational risks are those that arise from the different levels of the projects organizational structure. It is important to explore these risks because they will enable the project team to ensure that the remaining part of the project is well planned and its scope is well defined, staffs are well experienced, an effective recruitment method is put in place to get new staffs or those to replace others who have left and project schedule is adhered to (Peter, 2010). Project management risks Project management risks are the risks resulting from issues related to how the project is being managed. These risks arises especially if management competency is low (Wang, Zou and Zhang, 2006), or if there are endless conflicts among participants (Chris and Tung, 2008). These risks are important because they help the project management team to ensure that the project deliverables, objectives, estimates are accurately determined and planned. This will aid in reducing or avoiding things that could hinder the projects successful completion. Risk Analysis and Evaluation Technical risks These risks have great implication on the projects success. It is important to note that there are some sections of the project that are yet to be done and so these technical risks cannot be ignored. In general, technical risks can be caused by the following factors: changes to original design without performing adequate and complete analysis on proposed designs; wrong estimates of contract times; improper construction methods; unavailability of needed utilities; site and worker safety; environmental risks; unfitting materials and equipment; disruptions and delayed deliveries; inadequate specialized workforce; and onsite offsite wetlands; among others. Considering that this project is complex, the probability and level of importance of technical risks are high and therefore their priority is also high. The team has to explore all technical risks and identify appropriate avoidance or mitigation strategies. This is the only way that the project can proceed and be completed successfully. External risks The risks are due to outside factors that may not have connection with the project (Bright Hub Project Management, 2012). They can be caused by changes in funding for the financial year by the federal and state governments; introduction of new stakeholders as the project progresses; changing priorities in existing project plan; stakeholders calling for late changes and extra needs; changes in project quality, objectives, scope, time and costs; economic instability; fluctuations in exchange rate; market conditions; political interference; changes in regulations of environmental and public safety. Even though the project team has no capability to prevent these risks, understanding these risks will help the team to be prepared in advance just in case the risks occur (Zou et al., 2007). Considering that this is a national project with both national and international impacts, the probability and level of importance of external risks are also high and thus their priority is high. Therefore the risks are important in helping the team identify appropriate strategies they can apply to accept, transfer or mitigate the external risks. Organizational risks These risks can be caused by: improper planning for the remaining part of the project; assigning tasks to inexperienced staff; unexpected assignment for the project manager; losing crucial employees at decisive stages of the project; changing priorities in existing project plan; and changes in the project quality, objectives, scope, time and cost. It is worth noting that this is a very complex project that requires the highest level of competence, keenness and accuracy. Working outside project scope or assigning tasks to inexperienced workforce will have severe impacts on the project (Galorath Dan, 2008). So the probability of organizational risks in this project is high and so they have to be given a top priority. Project management risks Some of the causes of these risks include: changes that may occur to the definition of project objectives, needs, deliverables and costs; undertaking too many activities at ago; inability to control workforce priorities; inexperienced or inadequate workforce (Ibrahim Mahamid, 2013); delays by the contractors or consultants; poor communication or uncoordinated project team; and inadequate resources. Well-Connected Alliance should understand the complex features and challenges of this project, work as a team to overcome them and ensure that the project achieves its monetary value. Therefore this project has a high probability and level of importance of project management risks and so the priority of these risks is also high. It is upon the project management team to establish suitable ways of preventing or managing these risks. Risk Treatment All the four categories of risks (technical risks, external risks, organizational risks and project management risks) have significant impacts on the project. Their probability and level of importance are high and so are their priority values. Therefore for the project to be completed successfully, these risks have to be treated. Risk treatment approaches that can be used include: risk avoidance strategies, risk acceptance strategies, risk transference strategies, and risk mitigation strategies (Nerija Banaitiene and Audrius Banaitis, 2012). Some of the best ways to treat the four risks are as follows: Technical risks These risks can be treated by having qualified staffs at all stages of the project; using appropriate selection methods for high quality construction materials, equipment and methods; making prudent assumptions on any issue related to the project; ensuring that suppliers commit themselves to timely deliveries; upholding the highest standards of site and worker safety through regular training and provision of safety equipment; and allocating adequate time for each activity by making an allowance for unforeseen environmental conditions. External risks Some of the strategies of treating these risks include: pushing for political goodwill in the country by augmenting awareness of the project benefits; collaborating with the relevant government authorities to ensure that the project budget is provided for in each financial year; developing a mechanism of integrating new stakeholders in the project; avoiding or reducing call for supplementary needs or new changes in the project; sticking to the project context and priorities from start to finish; and hiring economic specialists for recommendations on how to deal with fluctuating market conditions. These treatment approaches are appropriate because they will ensure that all risk factors for external risks have been accepted, transferred or mitigated. One of the most challenging external risk to control is climate change (Yohe, 2010). Poor weather conditions become poor conditions because delays because most of the construction works take place outdoors. One of the ways of treating this risk is to have a flexible schedule for the project. This will ensure that when natural, unforeseen and unavoidable conditions occur, such as an earthquake, no party will be subjected to any loss or all parties will share losses using a predetermined method. Thus the schedule should allow for extension of the project in case of such occurrences. Organizational risks It is known that the owner of the Waterview Connection project is NZ Transport Authority. This being a public agency, its organizational structure has a significant impact on the projects success. Some of the ways of treating organizational risks include: defining the process of decision making so as to avoid disputes and conflicts; having an effective recruiting methodology that identifies qualified and experienced staff; and having and sticking to consistent project priorities and context. Project management risks The project management team has a critical role to play in the remaining part of the project. The following are some of the ways the team can treat project management risks: reviewing and clearly understanding defined project context; having adequate and experienced workforce; being in control of workforce priorities; ensuring accurate scheduling and estimations; ensuring that the communication system in place is effective and facilitates easy and transparent information sharing among all stakeholders; holding consultants and contractors responsible and accountable for their actions; planning to ensure that all needed resources are available on time; ensuring that there is adequate reporting throughout the project period; clearly defining the roles and responsibilities of all parties and individuals involved in the project; ensuring that documentation is done properly and consistently; ensuring that there are appropriate procedures put in place to control quality of work done; and en suring that there is adequate staff to manage the project. The project team has to fully support the project; prioritize the project objectives and commit all their efforts to achieving them; reviewing the projects expectations and ensuring that they are accurate; ensuring that any conflict among the project team members is resolved quickly; putting in place mechanisms to retain all top executives of the project team; ensuring that all project inputs are of top quality; making sure that all decisions made are definite, complete and of high quality; and making sure that the projects methodology is followed to the latter (Mar, 2016). There is also a potential risk associated with this project after its completion. This risk is high operational and maintenance costs of the infrastructure being constructed. It has been estimated that the annual operational and maintenance costs of the project will be $16 million (Matt L., 2016). This is relatively high and may reduce the projects investment returns. It is therefore important for the relevant stakeholders to start looking for ways on how to reduce this high cost. Conclusion The remaining part of Waterview Connection still has multiple risks that can hinder its successful completion. These risks include technical risks, project management risks, organizational risks and external risks. The good part is that majority of these risks can be avoided or mitigated if they are properly identified and analyzed (Protiviti, (n.d)). This is mainly the responsibility of stakeholders involved in the project. To facilitate successful completion of the remaining part of the project, Well-Connected Alliance should get a team of highly experienced advisors, who have worked on similar projects before, and an experienced, professional independent reviewer, consultant or risk manager to assist them identify potential risks associated with the remaining part of the project. It is important to have an external perspective so as to ensure that the risk assessments done and treatments suggested are comprehensive, complete and accurate. References Beca. (2014). Waterview Connection. Retrieved September 23, 2016 from https://www.beca.co.nz/projects/transport/road_transport/waterview_connection.aspx Bright Hub Project Management. (2012). Internal vs. external risks in project management. Retrieved September 23, 2016 from https://www.brighthubpm.com/risk-management/94946-internal-vs-external-risks-in-project-management/ Chris Hendrickson and Tug Au. (2008). Organization for Project Management. Retrieved from https://pmbook.ce.cmu.edu/02_Organizing_For_Project_Management.html Fletcher Construction Company Limited. (2016). Waterview Connection. Retrieved September 23, 2016 from https://www.fletcherconstruction.co.nz/projects.php?action=searchid=467 Galorath Dan. (2008). Risk On IT Infrastructure Projects, Retrieved September 23, 2016 from https://galorath.com/wp/risk-on-it-infrastructure-projects/ Ibrahim Mahamid. (2013). Common risks affecting time overrun in road construction projects in Palestine: Contractors perspective. Australian Journal of Construction Economics and Building, 13 (2) 45-53. Innovation of Civil Engineers. (September 8, 2016). Risk in building design and construction. Retrieved September 23, 2016 from https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Risk_in_building_design_and_construction Learnz. (n.d.). More Than Just A Road. Retrieved September 23, 2016 from https://www.learnz.org.nz/waterviewconnection143/more-than-just-a-road Mar Anna. (2016). 130 Project Risks (List). Retrieved September 23, 2016 from https://management.simplicable.com/management/new/130-project-risks Matt L. (September 1, 2016). Waterview Mitigation Needed. Retrieved September 23, 2016 from https://transportblog.co.nz/tag/waterview-connection/ Nadeem et al. (2010). Risk Management in Construction Industry. IEEE Nerija Banaitiene and Audrius Banaitis. (2012). Risk Management in Construction Projects. Nicole Lawton. (June 9, 2016). Aucklands Waterview Connection on schedule to open in early 2017. Retrieved September 23, 2016 from https://www.stuff.co.nz/auckland/80912488/Aucklands-Waterview-Connection-on-schedule-to-open-in-early-2017 NZ Transport Agency. (2016). Waterview Connection. Retrieved September 23, 2016 from https://www.nzta.govt.nz/projects/the-western-ring-route/waterview-connection/ Peter G. Furst. (2010). Construction Project Risk Management. Retrieved from https://www.irmi.com/articles/expert-commentary/construction-project-risk-management Protiviti. (n.d). Identifying and Managing Risks on Construction Projects. U.S.: Protiviti. Waka Kotahi. (2011). Waterview Connection going underground. Auckland: NZ Transport Agency. Wang, Zou and Zhang, 2006 Yohe, G. (2010). Risk Assessment and Risk Management for Infrastructure Planning and Investment, National Academy of Engineering, Vol. 40, No. 3. Zou et al. (2007). Understanding the key risks in construction projects in China. International Journal of Project Management, Vol. 25, Issue 6, pp. 601-614.

Heros And Old Man And The Sea Essays - The Old Man And The Sea

Heros And Old Man And The Sea Hemingway and a Hero Erin Elizabeth Ellen Fowler Period 3 Mrs. Haughey Outline 1. The Hemingway Code is an idea of what all heroes have in common. 2. One of Hemingways best novels was The Old Man and the Sea fore it was a story of skill. 3. The Old Man and the Sea was a story of courage from Santiagos point of view. 4. Also a story of courage from the fishs point of view. 5. Victory in the soul but in reality, defeat, was demonstrated in this novel. 6. Santiago earned his pride and self-respect from his suffering. 7. Hemingways way of writing is directed towards the eye rather than the ear. 8. Fear is always present and Hemingway made sure you felt the momentary truce, of facing a fear, in a hopeless battle. 9. One of the symbols constantly mentioned in the story is that of the great baseball player Joe DiMaggio. The Old Man and the Sea is a beloved novel because of the style in which Hemingway writes, his idea of a hero, and how he applied it affectively. The code for his heroes way in which they act with courage, always strive to prove them selves one more time, not to complain about their suffering. The writing techniques brought the story in to full multimedia life by letting the reader see what is going on. Finally, the way it all just seems to fit together in the end. The Hemingway code is an idea of what all heroes have in common. In the words of Irving Howe, There emerges...the characteristics hero of the Hemingway world: the hero who was wounded the bears his wound in silence who is sensitive to but scorns to devalue his feelings into words who is defeated but finds a remnant of dignity in an honest confrontation of defeat.(232) This code is a code of honor to all who attain it. Even in today's life we can find this hero. Take a fireman, there is a fire ripping a building to shreds with its furry. The firemen come in to the blazing wreck insuring that they will get burnt. Bearing their wounds in silence. When they save the last family in that building they would cheer and go on how brave he was and he would think of it as a days work. But, if he did not save that last family member he would find pride in not having all the family members died in the building. What is the Hemingway Code? Its had the fear of death on your back but you will still fight on. And, even if you do not completely finish the task you still find pride in what you did. One of Hemingways best novels was The Old Man and the Sea fore it was a story of skill. Santiago, the hero, is an elderly man tanned and wrinkled from fishing all his life and from that he is skilled with the art of the task. He kept {the lines} Straighter than anyone did, so that at each level in the darkness of the stream there would be a bait waiting exactly where he wished it to be for any fish that swam there.(32) This alone shows how precise he was about fishing, proving his skills of a fisherman. If he did not keep the lines straight down they can all be at the same level. Then, only the fish around that one level, which would a shallower part of water, could smell and maybe take the bait. At that if it was in shallow water where the smaller fish are he cannot have gotten as big as a fish as he did. For, as the author wrote, the fish he caught took the bait closer to the bottom of the gulf. The dolphin and the flying fish, which are smaller, took the bait closer the surface of the water. If Santiago did not have the skill, which you need to be a fisherman, this novel would not have had a point. For, he would not have even caught the fish. Than there would not have been a story, which is, why this story is about skill. The Old Man and the Sea

Biography of Anne Frank, Writer of Powerful WWII Diary

Biography of Anne Frank, Writer of Powerful WWII Diary Anne Frank (born Annelies Marie Frank; June 12, 1929–March 1945) was a Jewish teenager who spent two years hiding in a Secret Annex in Nazi-occupied Amsterdam during World War II. While she died in the Bergen-Belsen Concentration Camp at age 15, her father survived and found and published Annes diary. Her diary has since been read by millions of people and has turned Anne Frank into a symbol of the children murdered during the Holocaust. Fast Facts: Anne Frank Known For:  Jewish teenager whose diary chronicled hiding in Nazi-occupied AmsterdamAlso Known As:  Annelies Marie FrankBorn:  June 12, 1929 in Frankfurt am Main, GermanyParents: Otto and Edith FrankDied:  March 1945 in the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp near Bergen, GermanyEducation: Montessori school, Jewish LyceumPublished Works:  Diary of Anne Frank (also known as Anne Frank: Diary of a Young Girl)Notable Quote: Its a wonder I havent abandoned all my ideals, they seem so absurd and impractical. Yet I cling to them because I still believe, in spite of everything, that people are truly good at heart.   Early Childhood Anne Frank was born in Frankfurt am Main, Germany as the second child of Otto and Edith Frank. Annes sister Margot Betti Frank was three years older. The Franks were a middle-class, liberal Jewish family whose ancestors had lived in Germany for centuries. The Franks considered Germany their home, so it was a very difficult decision for them to leave Germany in 1933 and start a new life in the Netherlands, away from the anti-Semitism of the newly empowered Nazis. The Move to Amsterdam After moving his family in with Ediths mother in Aachen, Germany, Otto Frank moved to Amsterdam, Netherlands in the summer of 1933 so that he could establish a Dutch firm of Opekta, a company that made and sold pectin (a product used to make jelly). The other members of the Frank family followed a bit later, with Anne being the last to arrive in Amsterdam in February 1934. The Franks quickly settled into life in Amsterdam. While Otto Frank focused on building up his business, Anne and Margot started at their new schools and made a large circle of Jewish and non-Jewish friends. In 1939, Annes maternal grandmother also fled Germany and lived with the Franks until her death in January 1942. The Nazis Arrive in Amsterdam On May 10, 1940, Germany attacked the Netherlands. Five days later, the country officially surrendered. Now in control of the Netherlands, the Nazis quickly began issuing anti-Jewish laws and edicts. In addition to no longer being able to sit on park benches, go to public swimming pools, or take public transportation, Anne could no longer go to a school with non-Jews. Persecution Increases In September 1941, Anne had to leave her Montessori school to attend the Jewish Lyceum. In May 1942, a new edict forced all Jews over the age of 6 to wear a yellow Star of David on their clothes. Since the persecution of Jews in the Netherlands was extremely similar to the early persecution of Jews in Germany, the Franks could foresee that life was only going to get worse for them. The Franks realized they needed to find a way to escape. Unable to leave the Netherlands because the borders were closed, the Franks decided the only way to escape the Nazis was to go into hiding. Nearly a year before Anne received her diary, the Franks had begun organizing a hiding place. Going Into Hiding For Annes 13th birthday (June 12, 1942), she received a red-and-white-checkered autograph album that she decided to use as a diary. Until she went into hiding, Anne wrote in her diary about everyday life such as her friends, the grades she received at school, and even playing ping pong. The Franks had planned on moving to their hiding place on July 16, 1942, but their plans changed when Margot received a call-up notice on July 5, 1942, summoning her to a labor camp in Germany. After packing their final items, the Franks left their apartment at 37 Merwedeplein the following day. Their hiding place, which Anne called the Secret Annex, was located in the upper-rear portion of Otto Franks business at 263 Prinsengracht. Miep Gies, her husband Jan, and three other employees of Opetka all helped feed and protect the hiding families. Life in the Annex On July 13, 1942 (seven days after the Franks arrived in the Annex), the van Pels family (called the van Daans in Annes published diary) arrived at the Secret Annex to live. The van Pels family included Auguste van Pels (Petronella van Daan), Hermann van Pels (Herman van Daan), and their son Peter van Pels (Peter van Daan). The eighth person to hide in the Secret Annex was the dentist Friedrich Fritz Pfeffer (called Albert Dussel in the diary), who joined them on November 16, 1942. Anne continued writing her diary from her 13th birthday on June 12, 1942, until August 1, 1944. Much of the diary is about the cramped and stifling living conditions as well as the personality conflicts between the eight that lived together in hiding. Anne also wrote about her struggles with becoming a teenager. During the two years and one month that Anne lived in the Secret Annex, she wrote regularly about her fears, hopes, and character. She felt misunderstood by those around her and was constantly trying to better herself. Discovered and Arrested Anne was 13 years old when she went into hiding and was 15 when she was arrested. On the morning of August 4, 1944, an SS officer and several Dutch Security Police members pulled up to 263 Prinsengracht around 10 or 10:30 a.m. They went directly to the bookcase that hid the door to the Secret Annex and pried it open. All eight people living in the Secret Annex were arrested and taken to Westerbork camp in the Netherlands. Annes diary lay on the ground and was collected and safely stored by Miep Gies later that day. On September 3, 1944, Anne and everyone who had been hiding were put on the very last train leaving Westerbork for Auschwitz. At Auschwitz, the group was separated and several were soon transported to other camps. Death Anne and Margot were transported to the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp at the end of October 1944. In late February or early March of the following year, Margot died of typhus, followed just a few days later by Anne, also from typhus. Bergen-Belsen was liberated on April 12, 1945. Legacy Miep Gies saved Annes diary after the families were arrested and returned it to Otto Frank when he came back to Amsterdam following the war. This is the legacy of your daughter Anne, she said as she gave him the documents. Otto recognized the literary strength and the importance of the diary as a document that bore witness to the first-hand experience of Nazi persecution. The book was published in 1947 and has been translated into 70 languages and is considered to be a world classic. Successful stage and film adaptations have been made of the book. The Diary of Anne Frank (also known as Anne Frank: The Diary of a Young Girl) is understood by historians to be especially important because it shows the horrors of the Nazi occupation through the eyes of a young girl. The Anne Frank House museum in Amsterdam is a major tourist spot that brings global visitors closer to understanding this period of history. Sources Frank, Anne. Anne Frank: The Diary of a Young Girl. Doubleday, 1967.â€Å"The Publication of the Diary.†Ã‚  Anne Frank Website.United States Holocaust Memorial Museumï » ¿.

Article Assignments Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Article Assignments - Essay Example The Roe v Wade accused some courts of violating the right to privacy because they were violating this right; a woman had the right to terminate a pregnancy if she wanted according to Roe v Wade. The role of the judiciary when it comes to policy making will also be looked at, as well as the pros and cons. Edmund Burke was an Irish statesman and also a political philosopher. He is greatly remembered for his speech on the idea of representation in Congress. Edmund criticized the British Parliament as being inhabited by a congress of ambassadors from different and hostile interests. He urged that electors were supposed not to vote by numbers, but to vote accordingly. Edmund held that a representative owed his supporter or his constituents’ unbiased opinion, his mature judgment and should have an enlightened judgment. He held that a representative was supposed to work to educate his constituents on matters regarding public policy, and was against individualism. The wishes of the constituents ought to have great weight on their representatives; however, the representative should also not work to the pleasures of his constituents, because he is going to be answerable to that. Rather, he or she should use reason and judgment. He continues to argue that the parliament should deliberate assembly of one nation, with one interest; that of a whole nation, but should never serve local purposes or prejudices, but the general fold. To his supporters, he told them that when they choose a member to represent them, he was not to be a member to represent them only, but rather to represent the whole nation. He told them that their representatives were required to act towards the betterment of the whole nation, and not their pleasure. Edmund burke told his supporters that they should remember that they are members of a rich commercial city, which is part of a rich commercial nation which itself part of a great empire. He argued that the diverse interests

Attacking Child Poverty Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Attacking Child Poverty - Essay Example 1). Marshall suggests that the USA ignores the issue of childhood poverty when announcing its economic achievements, and when comparing these achievements to other capitalist nations. However, the rapidly increasing rate of childhood poverty in the USA is breaking with stereotypes of the situation. For example, regardless of ethnicity, White, Black and Latino figures are increasing at a similar rate (Sherman, , p.2). Also, there appears to be more incidence of childhood poverty amongst suburban and rural children than those in metropolitan areas (Sherman, ). The thesis statement for this paper is: Child welfare policies are outdated lacking a pro-social approach to prevent poverty. This paper will present a synthesis of articles that critique policies targeting childhood poverty, and will provide an analysis of those policies and the recommendations put forward by the articles. Firstly, a definition of poverty will be presented. Secondly, USA policies aimed at halting childhood poverty will be assessed. Next, recommendations to change the situation of childhood poverty the will be outlined and evaluated. Finally, a conclusion shall show how this review and critique has answered the thesis statement. The definition of poverty as decided by the government of the USA is set by the Census Bureau and considers the income of families with children and their size, with adjustments for consumer inflation (Sherman, ). For example, a family of four is believed to be living in poverty if the family income is less than $14 335 per year; for a family of two their income would need to be less than $ 9 137 per year to be thought of as living in poverty (Sherman, , p. 1). Hence, other industrialized nations appear to have less distance between their socio-economic classes and this enables their poor to maintain a higher standard of living as compared to those in poverty in the USA. The child welfare system appears to lack